ping - check the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network.

2. netstat - To display active network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships.

   

3. ifconfig - To display the configuration of network interfaces.

   

   4. traceroute - To display the route and measure transitdelays of packets across an Internet Protocol network.

      

      5. mtr - The mtr command is typically used to combine the functionalities of the ping and traceroute commands.

         

         6. telnet - The telnet command can be used in one line toestablish a connection to a specific host and port.

            

         7. iwconfig - The iwconfig command is typically used to configure wireless network interfaces on Linux systems.

            

         8. dig - To query DNS name servers for information about host adresses, mail exchanges, name servers and related information.

            

         9. whois - The whois command is used to retrieve information about registered domain names, IP addresses, and autonomous system numbers.

            

         10. wget - The wget command is used for downloading files from the internet.

             

         11. route - The route command is used to view and manipulate the IP routing table in a Unix-like operating system. Here's an example of using the route command in one line to display the routing table:

             

         12. curl - The curl command is used to transfer data to or from a server, typically using HTTP or HTTPS protocols.

             

         13. nmap - The nmap is a powerful network scanning tool used for discovering hosts and services on a computer network.